Life and Works of Rizal free essay sample

He continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Spain, where he earned the degree of Licientiate in Medicine. He also attended the University of Paris in France and earned second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Having travelled the world extensively, Rizal became conversant in at least twenty-two languages. He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These works fearlessly exposed the injustices committed by the Spanish civil and clerical officials in the Philippines amd spurred the militancy of armed revolutionaries and reformist against more than 300 years of Spanish rule. Rizal was proponent of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than violence revolution. But he was associated with the growing insurgency movement and declared an enemy of the state by the Spanish authorities particularly because of the publication of his novels. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and Works of Rizal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was deported to Dapitan in Zamboanga then incarcerated at Fort Santiago. When the Katipunan exploded into the full-blown revolution, the authorities were quick to incriminate him. After a mock trial, Rizal was convicted and sentence to die by firing squad at Bagubayan on December 30, 1896. Eventually, his martyred death proved to be the catalyst that precipitated the Philippine revolution and the downfall of the Spanish colonial rule.

What Is a P-Value

What Is a P-Value Hypothesis tests or test of significance involve the calculation of a number known as a p-value. This number is very important to the conclusion of our test. P-values are related to the test statistic and give us a measurement of evidence against the null hypothesis. Null and Alternative Hypotheses Tests of statistical significance all begin with a null and an alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the statement of no effect or a statement of commonly accepted state of affairs. The alternative hypothesis is what we are attempting to prove. The working assumption in a hypothesis test is that the null hypothesis is true. Test Statistic We will assume that the conditions are met for the particular test that we are working with. A simple random sample gives us sample data. From this data we can calculate a test statistic. Test statistics vary greatly depending upon what parameters our hypothesis test concerns. Some common test statistics include: z - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the population mean, when we know the population standard deviation. t - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the population mean, when we do not know the population standard deviation. t - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the difference of two independent population mean, when we do not know the standard deviation of either of the two populations. z - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning a population proportion. Chi-square - statistic for hypothesis tests concerning the difference between an expected and actual count for categorical data. Calculation of P-Values Test statistics are helpful, but it can be more helpful to assign a p-value to these statistics. A p-value is the probability that, if the null hypothesis were true, we would observe a statistic at least as extreme as the one observed. To calculate a p-value we use the appropriate software or statistical table that corresponds with our test statistic. For example, we would use a standard normal distribution when calculating a z test statistic. Values of z with large absolute values (such as those over 2.5) are not very common and would give a small p-value. Values of z that are closer to zero are more common, and would give much larger p-values. Interpretation of the P-Value As we have noted, a p-value is a probability. This means that it is a real number from 0 and 1. While a test statistic is one way to measure how extreme a statistic is for a particular sample, p-values are another way of measuring this. When we obtain a statistical given sample, the question that we should always is, â€Å"Is this sample the way it is by chance alone with a true null hypothesis, or is the null hypothesis false?† If our p-value is small, then this could mean one of two things: The null hypothesis is true, but we were just very lucky in obtaining our observed sample.Our sample is the way it is due to the fact that the null hypothesis is false. In general, the smaller the p-value, the more evidence that we have against our null hypothesis. How Small Is Small Enough? How small of a p-value do we need in order to reject the null hypothesis? The answer to this is, â€Å"It depends.† A common rule of thumb is that the p-value must be less than or equal to 0.05, but there is nothing universal about this value. Typically, before we conduct a hypothesis test, we choose a threshold value. If we have any p-value that is less than or equal to this threshold, then we reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This threshold is called the level of significance of our hypothesis test, and is denoted by the Greek letter alpha. There is no value of alpha that always defines statistical significance.

Financing Delivery of Healthcare Services Article

Financing Delivery of Healthcare Services - Article Example The current public and private sources of funds for health care financing There are three major sources of healthcare financing for healthcare delivery services in Mexico. While some methods of financing covers the bulk of the financing burden, there are others which caters for only a small percentage of the country’s population, owing to the inaccessibility and unaffordable nature of such methods. The three methods of financing healthcare in Mexico include: General government Government plays a vital role in the financing of healthcare services in Mexico. The contribution of the general government to healthcare financing in this country ranges from 44 to 48% of the annual healthcare budget. In the years 2005, governments contribution to healthcare financing in Mexico was rated at 45.5% of the total healthcare spending, while the same was rated at 48% in the year 2009 (OECD, 2011). The government offers financing through the Ministry of Health, which is responsible for ensurin g that the public health institutions are financed and supplied accordingly, to ensure continuous provision of health services, especially to the rural poor and the people in the informal sector. Private Social Security Insurance The country has established a system of formal social security institutions that offer health insurance for the formally employed, which is financed through a tripartite contribution by the employer, the employee and the government (Cassels, 2005). This way, the social security insurance ensures that the formally employed as well as their families are offered health services, catered for by the tripartite contribution. For the year 2009, private social security insurance catered for 48% of the healthcare financing in Mexico (OECD, 2011). Out-of-pocket The country has a category of people who are not wholesomely covered by either the government or the private insurance financing services, and thus has to depend on their pockets to pay for the healthcare serv ices (Garman, Johnson & Royer, 2011). These are especially the category of people who have enlisted the services of private physicians. The current methods of acquiring money for health care services, research, and training There are various methods that are applied in the acquisition of money for healthcare services, research and training in Mexico. Some of these methods include household contributions through community. Angel financing is one of the methods of obtaining money especially for healthcare services provision, where the angel financiers offer their financing of healthcare in the form of medical loans (Frenk, 2006). Such loans are offered to individuals who are salaried, yet are not able to obtain other forms of financing for their healthcare needs, considering that it is a financing method that does not require any collateral provision to qualify for the loans, while also helping the beneficiaries to avoid their credit cards being burdened with loan charges and loan int erests (Johnson& Stoskopf, 2010). Government-to-Non-governmental Organization collaboration is yet another method that is applied in Mexico to acquire money for healthcare services, research and training. The Mexican government partners with the existing Non-governmental organizations that operate in the country, to provide the necessary funding for

Nursing Leadership Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Leadership Guide - Essay Example Past experiences in the nursing arena has helped individuals learn and develop theories that are applicable to day to day practices in the health care. Nursing is a very dynamic field and new challenges emerge. These challenges require high level of preparedness. According to (Daly & Speed, 2004) a recurring theme of leadership in nursing that it is something that can be learned and applied to leadership challenges as they appear. Thus leaders in nursing should have passion, commitment and flexibility. Incompetence in leadership affects all professions. Nursing is not excluded. There are so many reported cases that can be related to leadership from nurses. The fact that the profession deals with society directly is a clear indication that there is need for high level of leadership. (Williams & Media, 2015) A case is reported in a medical journal concerning a supervising nurse from a local medical centre who found herself in trouble after giving her juniors freedom to plan their own working schedule. (Nurses) The writer of the articles explains how the nurse did not posses any authority in controlling the rest of the workmates. As a supervisor, he was expected to create weekly work schedules, compile daily reports on performance of the nurses among other responsibilities. The article’s main concern was one particular event in the hospital that shocked everyone. One morning, as everyone was reporting to work, the supervising staff was shocked to realize that she was the only nurse present at work. She got concerned and decided to call the rest of the nurses. On calling the nurses, they all claimed that they thought it was their day off. An urgent meeting was called that afternoon to discuss the issue. At the meeting, the management questioned the supervising nurse concerning what really happened that night. According to her, the previous day, she asked her juniors how they would wish to take their day off starting from the following day. Each

Is investment in green or environmentally friendly activities of Essay

Is investment in green or environmentally friendly activities of benefit to a small business - Essay Example And, a sufficient number of scholars necessitate that managers to consider the natural environment more as a subjective or a strategic problem than as an ethical or normative one (Aragon-Correa et al., 2004; Banerjee, 2001; Cordano and Frieze, 2000; Sharma, 2000). Consequently, they support a strategic mindset and approach to promote change from within the organization (Clemens, 2001). For SMEs, it is in their organizational interests to pursue such environmental policies that make them a responsible part of the environmentally responsible organizations; more importantly, the SMEs do not exist always to be identified with this term, they need growth and economic prosperity on a very strong footing; their entire future growth is largely associated with their current outlook seen and observed by the stakeholders; they need to invest in environmentally friendly activities. However, it is and will not be an easy task for SMEs as they face many problems such as limited financial resources , under-developed organisational structure, raw management style and so on are those factors that do not help SMEs to introduce a positive outlook denoting them as ‘an environmentally friendly entity.’ In the subsequent parts of this paper, first, it is argued for the topic and followed by argued against the topic; subsequent to that a conclusion is provided. Every organization always wants to grow particularly SMEs. And, nowadays, growth requires more social and environmental investment as a way to promote their name as an environmentally friendly entity. Most of the larger organizations have been enjoying growth in their net profit figures by providing the annual Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports along with their annual reports. In these reports, they account for such economic, social and environmental investment either that have been

Limitation of Ratio Analysis

Limitation of Ratio Analysis Limitation of Ratio Analysis Learning Objective Explain to the participants on the limitation of ratio analysis. Important Terms Creative accounting. Accounting Policies. As we have alredy discussed, it is important to compare in order to be able to analyse and to be able to comment and subsequently recommend in order that a business is as efficient as possible. Limitations of Ratios Accounting Information Different Accounting PoliciesThe choices of accounting policies may distort inter company comparisons. Example IAS 16 allows valuation of assets to be based on either revalued amount or at depreciated historical cost. The business may opt not to revalue its asset because by doing so the depreciation charge is going to be high and will result in lower profit. Creative accounting The businesses apply creative accounting in trying to show the better financial performance or position which can be misleading to the users of financial accounting. Like the IAS 16 mentioned above, requires that if an asset is revalued and there is a revaluation deficit, it has to be charged as an expense in income statement, but if it results in revaluation surplus the surplus should be credited to revaluation reserve. So in order to improve on its profitability level the company may select in its revaluation programme to revalue only those assets which will result in revaluation surplus leaving those with revaluation deficits still at depreciated historical cost. Information problems Ratios are not definitive measuresRatios need to be interpreted carefully. They can provide clues to the companys performance or financial situation. But on their own, they cannot show whether performance is good or bad.Ratios require some quantitative information for an informed analysis to be made. Outdated information in financial statementThe figures in a set of accounts are likely to be at least several months out of date, and so might not give a proper indication of the companys current financial position. Historical costs not suitable for decision making IASB Conceptual framework recommends businesses to use historical cost of accounting. Where historical cost convention is used, asset valuations in the balance sheet could be misleading. Ratios based on this information will not be very useful for decision making. Financial statements certain summarised informationRatios are based on financial statements which are summaries of the accounting records. Through the summarisation some important information may be left out which could have been of relevance to the users of accounts. The ratios are based on the summarised year end information which may not be a true reflection of the overall years results. Interpretation of the ratioIt is difficult to generalise about whether a particular ratio is good or bad. For example a high current ratio may indicate a strong liquidity position, which is good or excessive cash which is bad. Similarly Non current assets turnover ratio may denote either a firm that uses its assets efficiently or one that is under capitalised and cannot afford to buy enough assets. Comparison of performance over time Price changesInflation renders comparisons of results over time misleading as financial figures will not be within the same levels of purchasing power. Changes in results over time may show as if the enterprise has improved its performance and position when in fact after adjusting for inflationary changes it will show the different picture. Technology changesWhen comparing performance over time, there is need to consider the changes in technology. The movement in performance should be in line with the changes in technology. For ratios to be more meaningful the enterprise should compare its results with another of the same level of technology as this will be a good basis measurement of efficiency. Changes in Accounting policyChanges in accounting policy may affect the comparison of results between different accounting years as misleading. The problem with this situation is that the directors may be able to manipulate the results through the changes in accounting policy. This would be done to avoid the effects of an old accounting policy or gain the effects of a new one. It is likely to be done in a sensitive period, perhaps when the businesss profits are low. Changes in Accounting standardAccounting standards offers standard ways of recognising, measuring and presenting financial transactions. Any change in standards will affect the reporting of an enterprise and its comparison of results over a number of years. Impact of seasons on tradingAs stated above, the financial statements are based on year end results which may not be true reflection of results year round. Businesses which are affected by seasons can choose the best time to produce financial statements so as to show better results. For example, a tobacco growing company will be able to show good results if accounts are produced in the selling season. This time the business will have good inventory levels, receivables and bank balances will be at its highest. While as in planting seasons the company will have a lot of liabilities through the purchase of farm inputs, low cash balances and even nil receivables. Inter-firm comparison Different financial and business risk profileNo two companies are the same, even when they are competitors in the same industry or market. Using ratios to compare one company with another could provide misleading information. Businesses may be within the same industry but having different financial and business risk. One company may be able to obtain bank loans at reduced rates and may show high gearing levels while as another may not be successful in obtaining cheap rates and it may show that it is operating at low gearing level. To un informed analyst he may feel like company two is better when in fact its low gearing level is because it can not be able to secure further funding. Different capital structures and sizeCompanies may have different capital structures and to make comparison of performance when one is all equity financed and another is a geared company it may not be a good analysis. Impact of Government influenceSelective application of government incentives to various companies may also distort intercompany comparison. One company may be given a tax holiday while the other within the same line of business not, comparing the performance of these two enterprises may be misleading. Window dressingThese are techniques applied by an entity in order to show a strong financial position. For example, MZ Trucking can borrow on a two year basis, K10 Million on 28th December 2003, holding the proceeds as cash, then pay off the loan ahead of time on 3rd January 2004. This can improve the current and quick ratios and make the 2003 balance sheet look good. However the improvement was strictly window dressing as a week later the balance sheet is at its old position. Ratio analysis is useful, but analysts should be aware of these problems and make adjustments as necessary. Ratios analysis conducted in a mechanical, unthinking manner is dangerous, but if used intelligently and with good judgement, it can provide useful insights into the firms operations.

Shakespeares Sonnet 116 :: William Shakespeare

LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS By: William Shakespeare Let me not to the marriage of true minds (Sonnet 116) by William Shakespeare is about love in its most ideal form. It is praising the glories of lovers who have come to each other freely, and enter into a relationship based on trust and understanding. "Let me not" the poem begins in the imperative mood. Its action is semantic and aims to delineate the allowable parameters of love and its goal appears to be air-tightness. The love I have in mind could be like a seamark or navigational guide to sailors, it is a north star. Like that star, it exceeds all narrow comprehension. Its height alone is sufficient to guide us. The poem's ideal is unwavering faith, and it purports to perform its own ideal. Odd then, isn't it, how much of the argument proceeds by means of negation: "let me not," "love is not," "O no," and so forth. Perhaps the poet is less confident than he appears to be. The first four lines reveal the poet's pleasure in love that is constant and strong. ?Which alter when it alteration finds." The following lines proclaim that true love is indeed an "ever fixed mark" which will survive any crisis. In lines 7-8, the poet claims that we may be able to measure love to some degree, but this does not mean we fully understand it. Love's actual worth cannot be known it remains a mystery. The remaining lines of the third quatrain (9-12), reaffirm the perfect nature of love that is unshakeable throughout time and remains so "even to the edge of doom", or death. In the final couplet, the poet declares that, if he is mistaken about the constant, unmovable nature of perfect love, then he must take back all his writings on love, truth, and faith. Moreover, he adds that, if he has in fact judged love inappropriately, no man has ever really loved, in the ideal sense that the poet professes. In the sonnet, the chief pause in sense is after the twelfth line. Seventy-five per cent of the words are monosyllables. Only three contain more syllables than two, none belong in any degree to the vocabulary of 'poetic' diction. There is nothing to remark about the rhyming except the happy blending of open and closed vowels, and nothing to say about the harmony except to point out how the fluttering accents in the quatrains give place in the couplet to the emphatic march of the almost unrelieved iambic feet.

Why i picked up a gun

â€Å"Bad stress, good stress† In about 150 words The story is about stress. Stress has become a common word In the dally parlance, and that's makes the present people to think they have stress Just by going to the mall or to have a hard day at work. But In the past you got stress by going to war or by pushing yourself to get through the day. We hear about that the Government In 2004 announced that stress has cost the UK economy El 3. 5 billion, because of lost productivity and illness at work.Then we also hear about Dry Bond who means that people often says they are stressed, when the actually just are afraid of feeling afraid. But the good news is that it is possible to teach people to handle stress more effectively than it has been and the technique which comes from Clare Harris, a lecturer from the Praxis Centre for Developing Personal Effectiveness, can be adopted across the world. Give an outline for the various stress-related problems presented in the four texts. Test 1: Mind & Body this week: Danger: stress at work Stress Is related directly with the need to hide emotions at work.Stress also affects teachers, because It Is them who have to control the children In the school. A high emotion work experience more stress than others. The most stressed group Is them who are thinking negative thoughts about the past. Test 2: Bad stress, good stress The stress problem comes because people have made the word become a common world in the daily parlance. Stress can also be related to the feeling of being afraid. Another effect could be that people are doing some ridiculous things, like punching the wall, drinking or attacking other people they know are weak like them self.Test 3: Stress relief Stress can take different forms. It's not only the negative things in life, which can create stress. Being too busy can result in excessive surges of adrenaline In the body. To work too hard to get the chance to buy expensive thing, Is also a pressure. Test 4: Stres s can be good for you but not for long Even small things can affect the stress level, for example the torture of commuting, frustrations with computers freezing in the worst moments. But a study claims that stress isn't always bad for people.But permanent stress will be dangerous and it will effect the immune system also. Comment on the following statement: â€Å"If you want to live long and healthily, don't settle into routines† Maybe the following statement means that routines can be bad for you, you might come In a bad routine, but not only that, but if you Just think in routines in general, then you might see that it is bad for you, because if you don't follow your routine, it might stress you or you even get in bad mood, because you feel that you are missing something.But when you think by living healthy Is can be both good and bad with routines, because maybe you have a DOD routine by going to the gym and eat healthy, then It's good for you, but at the other way, It als o might be bad, because It can also effect you If you one day don't have the time to go to the gym, then you might get In a bad mood or you can get In a bad routine and eat a lot of fat food and that can be very bad for you as well. Manage stress as a student.How to manage stress as a student? That's the question many people have these days. As a student you can some very stressed days, maybe you have to be in school until late afternoon, or maybe you have a part time Job side the school, or you are living alone or maybe you Just like spending time with your friends. All these factors can affect your stress level, but the way you can manage this, is by going to school, then making your homework, and Just take it easy.Friends can you later at the day or in the weekend. It's Just about taking it slow, do your thing in your own tempo and an important thing is priority. Most of it depends on how you priority your day and your things. Do the things that you and your body can manage, and don't go under for the pressure that can occur in your daily life. Fight for the things you want.

Essay Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities

Essay Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities Essay: Texting and its Influence on Your Studying Capabilities Modern society is obsessed with computer technologies. Adults and teenagers, especially youngsters, seldom write even a few notes in their notebooks. Instead, we send emails and texts. In a word, were texting on any possible occasion, considering it to be quicker, more convenient and most of all, more modern than old fashioned hand writing. Communicating via sending short messages has already transformed into a separate communication style. Terms such as textese, meaning sms language, and textisms, which refers to mnemonic devices or word-shortening are widely used via cell phones and on Internet social networks. Obviously, one should make use of all modern communication trends and devices, but one question arises: whether such an influence of technology is positive or negative? So, is texting harmful or beneficial? It turns out that theres no correct answer to this question. Surprisingly, expert opinions on this topic differ greatly. So, according to Dr. Crispin Thurlow, a language and communication expert, the language used in texts can be classified as adaptive and additive rather than necessarily subtractive (Lanir, 2011). Surely such a high evaluation can be viewed as positive. Even so, the fact, that such an opinion was expressed almost 10 years ago should be taken into account, as compared to 2003, the number of children and teenagers communicating via text messages has increased significantly. In 2009, Clare Wood and Beverly Plester became interested in the way texting might influence the level of general literacy and academic achievement. Within this research, abbreviations used in texting were studied. As Dr. Thurlow didnt state any negative ways that ‘textese’ and ‘textisms could affect the studying capabilities of schoolchildren and students, these two experts began with the assumption that texting language was likely to contribute to the literary skills development of those who used it. (Lanir, 2011). However, the findings of the newer research showed that newly-coined shortcuts, called homophones, non-essential and initial letter omission, which initially aims to write the text message quickly and simplify it as much as possible, generally tended to devastate language skills in general, and spelling skills in particular for those who commonly engaged in texting. This resulted in poor academic achievements for students in regard to writing tests and grammar. This drop in language skill is connected to the fact that each written word corresponds to some definite mental template, which in its turn is connected with a phonological sounding system of the language (Nauert, 2011). It goes without saying, that theres no use in lagging behind, and its important to keep up with the times and with modern communication tendencies. On the other hand, it may turn out to be a good idea to draw a distinct line between formal, standardized language and Internet clichà ©s, as well as patterns that are used only for online chatting or on social networks, particularly when texting, and most especially when texting friends and family members via mobile phones. It has to be kept in mind that a well-rounded education demands certain standards, including excellent writing skills. These skills are important for composing resumes or application letters, or any other kind of official writing that has nothing to do with modern slang and texting. Our custom essay writing service is ready to provide you with a non-plagiarized custom written paper on texting related topics.

Zelda Fitzgerald Quotes

Zelda Fitzgerald Quotes Zelda Fitzgerald, born Zelda Sayre, was an artist, ballet dancer, and writer. Married at 19 to writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, her zany and racy antics (and his) seemed to symbolize the freedom of the Jazz Age. She wrote in part to battle her restlessness while her husband was absorbed in his writing. Zelda Fitzgerald was diagnosed as a schizophrenic. She was hospitalized after a nervous collapse in 1930 and spent the rest of her life in sanatoriums. Zelda Fitzgerald died in a hospital fire in 1948. It was the 1960s before her writing began to be studied seriously and she began to emerge a bit from the shadow of her more famous husband. Selected Zelda Fitzgerald Quotations I dont want to live I want to love first, and live incidentally. Nobody has ever measured, not even poets, how much the heart can hold. Why do we spend years using up our bodies to nurture our minds with experience and find our minds turning then to our exhausted bodies for solace? Women sometimes seem to share a quiet, unalterable dogma of persecution that endows even the most sophisticated of them with the inarticulate poignancy of the peasant. Oh, the secret life of man and woman dreaming how much better we would be than we are if we were somebody else or even ourselves, and feeling that our estate has been unexploited to its fullest. By the time a person has achieved years adequate for choosing a direction, the die is cast and the moment has long since passed which determined the future. We grew up founding our dreams on the infinite promise of American advertising. I still believe that one can learn to play the piano by mail and that mud will give you a perfect complexion. Most people hew the battlements of life from compromise, erecting their impregnable keeps from judicious submissions, fabricating their philosophical drawbridges from emotional retractions and scalding marauders in the boiling oil of sour grapes. I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist: a book of faith and small neat worlds and of people who live by the philosophies of popular songs. Its very expressive of myself. I just lump everything in a great heap which I have labeled the past, and, having thus emptied this deep reservoir that was once myself, I am ready to continue. I have often told you that I am that little fish who swims about under a shark and, I believe, lives indelicately on its offal. Anyway, that is the way I am. Life moves over me in a vast black shadow and I swallow whatever it drops with relish, having learned in a very hard school that one cannot be both a parasite and enjoy self-nourishment without moving in worlds too fantastic for even my disordered imagination to people with meaning. Mr. Fitzgerald I believe that is how he spells his name seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.

Chemicals in the environment that disrupt the bodys normal functions Essay

Chemicals in the environment that disrupt the bodys normal functions - Essay Example I wonder if this is legit to submit I to turnitin.com or not? These are my own words!! Pollutants include chemicals, biological materials, as also various physical agents (e.g. noise, radiation, heat). Most pollutants are of human origin, resulting from human activities such as industry, energy production and use, transport, urbanization, waste disposal, agricultural practices etc. The rapid expansion of the chemical industry that has occurred during the last 50 years has created numerous xenobiotics (molecules foreign to biological systems) capable of causing chemical toxicity leading to morbidity and mortality. New information on potential environmental risks from widely used chemicals is continuously emerging. Some of the major causes of mortality from diseases linked to environmental pollution have been listed as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, acute respiratory diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diarrhoeal diseases (Murray and Lopez, 1997). The reproductive system is an important target of several environmental chemicals. Hence, the environmental polluta nts are currently under intense scrutiny especially regarding their possible adverse actions on human infertility. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of couples experiencing reproductive difficulties has gone up from 4.9 million in 1988 to 6.1 million in 1995, and 7.3 million in 2002 (Luoma, 2005) (Fig. 1). The apparent or proximate causes of female infertility are numerous and involve impaired sperm quality or reproductive tract abnormalities, fallopian tube obstruction, hormone/menstrual cycle irregularities and anovulation, to implantation difficulties and recurrent miscarriage. In the male, the dominant causes of infertility and sub fertility are reduced sperm count and quality, reduced motility and/or abnormal morphology of sperm, and sperm DNA damage (Luoma, 2005; Bretveld et al., 2006). Multiple factors, including age, heredity, lifestyle,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment Example Most sweatshop employees are working in incredibly harsh conditions and suffer a great deal. Surprisingly, this is even a problem for staff in North America, because all of the jobs go to employees in sweatshops since they get paid barely anything to work. The manufacturers of these products are perfectly satisfied with providing incredibly low wages because it is not against the law to make deals like this. The employees are suffering while the manufacturers are extremely wealthy. The press is constantly describing the troubles that the sweatshops cause for their employees. As mentioned, the conditions are incredibly harsh and no Canadian or American worker would survive in those conditions. Some Mexicans even try crossing deserts in order to escape the rule of the sweatshop employer. Some of the measures that can be done to prevent people working in sweatshops is to create North American ideas to consumers about avoiding buying products from those labels. If Nike does not sell anyt hing, it can no longer function and would have to close down.