Product Life Cycle Essay

What is Marketing ? Marketing is building profitable customer relationships. The aim of marketing is to create value for customers and to capture value in return. The management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer. Marketing is the way companies interact with consumers to create relationships that are beneficial to both parties. Businesses use marketing to identify their audience before advertising to them. Today, this is most visible through social media interactions and contests. Definition of Marketing : Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging value with others. It includes the coordination of four elements called the 4 P’s of marketing i.e. product , price, place and promotional activities. Product Life Cycle : Product Life cycle is the process through which products pass through several stages of development in its life from introduction to decline. It describes the stages a product goes through from when it was first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and others rise and fall. Stages of product life cycle include : 1) Development 2) Introduction 3) Growth 4) Maturity 5) Saturation 6) Decline P.T.O. *Stages of Product Life Cycle* Stage 1 – Development This stage is when the product is in development. Right from when the idea is born until the product is released onto the market. This stage is crucial in getting everything right before the launch and can last years, depending on the product. Eg: Bisleri Packaged Drinking Water Stage 2 – Introduction The day has arrived and the product is launched onto the market. The main characteristic of this stage is that figures are small and only grow slightly as the product becomes known and the public decides whether it is actually needed or indeed whether it is any good. Stage 3 – Growth Here is where much of the money is made back on the product. The prior two stages have been expensive with development and marketing but now people begin to buy and the sales forecasts outweigh the costs. Some marketing is required as rivals may try to get in on the action in this stage when they see how big the product has become. Stage 4 – Maturity Stage four is when a product has become popular and is widely accepted by the public despite competition and age. Less marketing is required, if any at all and the company focuses on keeping its users whilst looking for new opportunities to be their next big product. Stage 5 – Saturation A stage in a product’s life cycle in which everyone who might want the product already has it. If a company is in this stage, then it could indicate that the company is not innovative, or that competitors have been able to provide superior product offerings. Stage 6 – Decline As time goes on, a product will eventually become outdated and unneeded by the public. This is particularly true in the IT sector but also with most other products. Newer versions come out or cheaper alternatives are just as good.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Cam) Essay

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes a variety of interventions—from exercise and dietary supplements to stress management strategies, biofeedback, and acupuncture. These therapies—which come from many different disciplines and traditions—are generally considered to be outside the realm of conventional medicine. When used in combination with conventional medicine, they are referred to as â€Å"complementary;† when used instead of conventional medicine, they are referred to as â€Å"alternative.† In the United States today, approximately 75% of people with MS use one form or another of CAM, generally in combination with their prescribed MS treatments. Are CAM Therapies Safe to Use? Many people use CAM because they believe that anything sold over-the-counter at a pharmacy or health food store is healthy and harmless. However, unlike conventional medical treatments—which are thoroughly tested and carefully regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration—most CAM therapies have undergone very little, if any, scientific study. So some may be completely safe while others may actually pose significant risks—for example, by producing serious side effects or interacting negatively with other medications a person is taking. Fortunately, a greater effort is now being made to find ways to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various types of CAM. Why is Controlled Clinical Studies So Important? Carefully-designed clinical trials are the best way to determine whether a treatment is safe and effective. Here are the reasons why: * Because the course of MS is variable, and each person’s symptoms tend to come and go in an unpredictable way, the only way to determine the effectiveness of a treatment is to test it on a large number of people. * Because most people—regardless of the disease they have—will have a positive response to any new treatment they receive (even if it’s an inactive substance or placebo), the effectiveness of a new treatment can only be proven by comparing it to a placebo or to another treatment that has already been shown to be effective. * Because every treatment carries with it the risk of anticipated and unanticipated side effects, the only way to evaluate a treatment’s safety is to evaluate it in a large number of people over a sufficient period of time. Recommended Guidelines to Follow People who are considering using a CAM therapy should ask the following questions: * What does the treatment involve? * How and why is it supposed to work? * How effective is it? * What are the risks? * How much does it cost? The answers to these questions can help a person considering a CAM therapy to weigh the benefits against the risks. For those who decide to go ahead with the CAM therapy, here are some good, common sense recommendations: Keep your physician informed about everything you are taking. Not sharing this important information is like asking your physician to treat you blindfolded—and knowing everything you are taking will allow your doctor to alert you to possible side effects or drug interactions. Don’t abandon conventional therapy. The treatments your physician prescribes for you are the ones that have been evaluated in controlled clinical trials or accepted by the MS medical community as safe and effective therapies. So stay with your prescribed treatments even if you decide to add CAM to your treatment plan. Document the experience. Keep a detailed log of what you take or what is done and any changes you experience. Check out These Complementary Approaches to Physical Health and Emotional Well-Being * Food and Diet—Although various diets have been promoted to cure or control MS, no diet has been proven to modify the course of MS. MS specialists recommend that people follow the same high fiber, low fat diet that is recommended for all adults. * Exercise— Exercise offers many benefits for people with MS. In addition to improving your overall health, aerobic exercise reduces fatigue and improves bladder and bowel function, strength, and mood. Stretching exercises reduce stiffness and increase mobility. The physicial therapist can recommend an exercise plan to fit your abilities and limitations. * Stress management—The relationship between stress and the onset or worsening of MS is far from clear—and different types of stress appear to affect different people in different ways. But none of us feel our best when we’re stressed, so it’s important to find the stress management strategies that work best for you. * Acupuncture—Acupuncture is finding its way into Western medicine, with studies suggesting possible benefits for a wide range of problems. Definition of terms: 1. Alternative medicines – is any practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine, but is not based on evidence gathered with the scientific method. Typically not part of conventional treatment, alternative medicine is usually based on tradition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, or fraud. Alternative therapies lack scientific validation, and their effectiveness is either unproved or disproved. The treatments are those that are not part of the conventional, science-based healthcare system. 2. Complementary medicines – is treatment and medicine that you use in addition to your doctor’s standard care. 3. Dietary Supplements – dietary supplements are substances you eat or drink. They can be vitamins, minerals, herbs or other plants, amino acids (the individual building blocks of protein), or parts of these substances. They can be in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form. They supplement (add to) the diet and should not be considered a substitute for food. Importance of CAM in Clinical Pharmacy Studying CAM is important in clinical pharmacy since it is concerned with drugs. If you have a patient who does CAM system, then you can be aware of do’s and don’ts so you can perform a better patient counseling. Since CAM is not suggested, but at least you know it, then you can support your patients regarding that. Situational Analysis Talk to your doctor about risks and benefits of complementary and alternative medicine Work with your conventional medical doctor to help you make informed decisions regarding complementary and alternative treatments. Even if your doctor can’t recommend a specific practitioner, he or she can help you understand possible risks and benefits before you try a treatment. It’s especially important to involve your doctor if you’re pregnant, have medical problems or take prescription medicine. And don’t stop or change your conventional treatment — such as the dose of your prescription medications — without talking to your doctor first. Finally, be sure to keep your doctor updated on any complementary and alternative therapies you’re using, including herbal and dietary supplements.

Abortion Persuasive Essay

Steve Glansburg English 123-33 Professor Orszulak October 18th, 2010 â€Å"To abort or to not abort; That is the question† Abortion is one of the most debated topics in the United States today. Many people form their opinions on their already religious beliefs and morals. Right now in the United States, it is legal everywhere to perform an abortion. Abortion can be done at many different stages of the pregnancy and most people’s opinion on abortion differs with their thoughts of when during the pregnancy should it be ok to abort.I believe that abortion should always be legal because no one person has the right to tell a woman that she must have a child, even if it was a mistake. Accidents happen whether it be the condom tears, the birth control does not work, or even the rare cases where a woman gets pregnant without actually having sex. We are human beings, we are not perfect in anyway shape or form, we are bound to make mistakes and I don’t believe that this ki nd of mistake should automatically change your life without giving you an option if it does.I can see where people could get upset from someone performing an abortion when you can actually see fetus, but I don’t see where they could get upset when the egg is just fertilized or is just a collection of cells. One human being has over 50 trillion cells in their body and you shouldn’t get mad if a woman decides to kill about 100 of them (Human Body). That is my viewpoint; women should be allowed to get an abortion before a certain time in the pregnancy. I don’t view a collection of cells that is not any type of developed organism yet to be a living person.There are also other circumstances that I believe make abortion a valid choice for a woman. Rape is a horrific event that no woman chooses to have done to her and I don’t believe they should also have to be pregnant from it too. If I was a woman and I was raped and became pregnant, but was not allowed to hav e an abortion, I would be furious. â€Å"I would feel that I did not choose for this to happen to me, it was violently forced upon me and I think that should be enough punishment. I also would not want to have a child that has the mixture of DNA from myself and the man who raped me and scared me for life. Also when a woman is not fit to become pregnant I don’t believe that they should be forced into maintaining the pregnancy if they made a mistake. If a woman is too young, is not financially stable, or has a drug problem are all valid reasons to not stay pregnant. Becoming pregnant at a young age can honestly ruin your life and make it so you can never go back to the way things were and fulfill your dreams that you once had.Not being financially stable to support a child is also a big problem because every child deserves to have a safe and healthy childhood. Having a drug addiction really is a problem because addicts will not stop during that nine months that they’re pregnant and that can severely compromise the health and wellbeing of the growing fetus. Abortion is a very debated topic because of all the moral and ethnic ties that come with it. Everyone has different belief systems and family upbringings that make it so their viewpoints are their very own.All I can argue is that not everyone chooses to become pregnant and that is why I don’t believe people should not have the choice to not stay pregnant, because in the end the woman has the right to do what she wants with her own body. Work Cited â€Å"Human Body. † Www. newworldencyclopedia. org. Ed. Frank Kaufmann. New World Encyclopedia, 10 July 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. .

International Marketing and Branding for Hotels Literature review

International Marketing and Branding for Hotels - Literature review Example From this discussion it is clear that  the Handbook of Hospitality Marketing Management edited by Haemoon Oh and Abraham Pizam also talks of the increasing market share of branded hotels. The share of total room supply by branded hotels in the US increased from 61% in 1990 to over 70% in 2000. The handbook also points out that a majority of business and leisure travellers prefer to stay at branded hotels rather than ‘unflagged’ operations. Hotel guests perceive relatively lower risk in choosing a branded hotel as compared to choosing an independent hotel.As the paper highlights  Prof. Chekitan Dev of the Cornell University writes that the hotel industry has become a complex, fragmented, global and competitive brand business with over 300 international brands operating in the market. The brand structure in the hotel industry varies from owner operators, to managed properties and franchisees. Managed and franchised hotel properties often change brands. Prof. Dev writes that there is an urgent need to fill many gaps in our understanding of brand management in relation to the hotel industry.  The American Hotel & Lodging Association (AHLA) reports that in 2013, 41% of their customers travelled for business and 50% travelled for leisure. The profile of the typical business traveller is male (64%), age 35 – 54 (52%), employed in a professional or managerial position (61%), with an average household income of $ 127,000.

History Reviews Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Reviews Questions - Case Study Example According to the report  the adversary denotes the participants in a contest between two equal opponents on trial and the trial usually take place under a formal guidance of the court. Witnesses were occasionally involved to provide their accounts voluntarily or under swearing of an oath. The adversarial system rests its faith in the assumptions that partisan advocacy and manipulation of evident materials coupled with equality can put a judge in the position to determine the truth. The type of system is mostly used in countries with legal misdemeanour such as minor traffic offences.This essay discusses that  the adoption of inquisitorial justice was connected to the use of terror in the trials in that, some of the individuals were able to twist their cases in courts to warrant for a thorough investigative process. While the process of investigation was going on to extort the truth, some of the accusers used to commit terror to disrupt the investigative process. Witchcraft was tri ed in secular courts despite being a spiritual crime; this was perhaps because of the extent of damages it caused in the society. There were beliefs that witchcrafts caused many calamities like sickness, death and other misfortunes. It was these other civil related crimes that made witches be tried in the secular courts. The early official church teaching was that there were no existence of the witches, yet the ancient legal procedures including the inquisition of heretics, mostly the Albigensian and the Waldensians.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Leadership - Essay Example He wanted to get done with the enemy through killings and to put down anyone who resisted him. When he had this on his mind he did not have any regard even for the second and third orders of effect. For instance, the case study â€Å"Fall of the Warrior King† relates that Sassaman closed down the entire city of Abu Hishma by sealing it off with barbed wire. No person was allowed to enter or leave the city without showing the identification card which had been provided by his unit to the entire city population. This cannot be termed as an ethical act. It only paved inconveniences for the city people and they hated the Americans even more. Sassaman ended up making more enemies but he did not care about it, which was wrong. While a commander should live ethically so that his unit sees and follows his actions, he should not hesitate to teach ethics to his subordinates. He should continue this during a war as well because that helps with keeping him in the game and to prevent desensitization towards any dubious acts. Sassaman, however, does not fit the description of such a commander. After SSG Dale Panchot was killed due to an RPG, and when a company commander also died, Sassaman got hyper. He could not tolerate any misbehavior on the part of the soldiers under him. He cared for his men and probably wished to avenge the two deaths by making people pay for it. However, this is not how things work. The commander should have taught ethics. If so, Sassaman would have been able to actually pay attention to the ongoing game and maintain an ethical environment. The chaplain could also have talked to the commander and helped him stay calm. While giving any kind of an advice to an aggressive commander like Sassaman is pretty difficult it is not exactly impossible. In any case, the chaplain was supposed to help out the commander. It is, however, not known whether he did that or not, so the blame cannot be placed upon him. But the

Herb Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Herb Comparison - Essay Example The dried extract of the root is recommended to be taken once in the morning at a dose rate of 0.5-2 gm. For its multifarious health benefits (WHO). For a preparation to be considered standardized, it should satisfy numerous purity criteria and freedom from contaminants which are described in the WHO monograph on the herb (WHO). Commercially available preparations (e.g. Korean Panax ginseng) however claim to contain 80% of the active ingredient which are recommended to be used at a dose rate of 2 capsules two times a day (Web, undated). The manufacturer eulogizes the health benefits of the preparation but does not elaborate upon the manufacturing process, which may or may not be GMP certified. Price, depending upon quality and source of the plant extract varies from $ 8.50 to $ 19.95 per ounce (Web). 200 mg. per day dose of a standardized ginseng preparation has been shown to provide equivalent health benefits as 1200 mg. per day of a non-standardized extract (Leigh, 2001). 2. Gingko : Gingko leaf extract has wide popularity in its usage as a memory enhancer and blood circulation improving herb (Ehrlich, 2009).

Organizational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Communication - Essay Example Logically, communication plays a key role in conflict management. This is because the conflicting parties are required to talk about the basis of their conflict. Besides these, people can socialize and work towards the goal of the organization. Additionally, communication promotes innovation. Arguably, communication mainly promotes productivity, regulation and coordination of the organization (Baker, 2002 p10). This is because the organization is able to put across its goals and expectations of its employees. In summary, communication plays key roles in organization as it eventually leads to productivity. Andrew did not begin his winery mainly as a wide business idea, but as a family business. However, the turning point came when he made a report and was asked to head the winery. This organization depicts growth and development of an organization. This is evident when Andrew makes a presentation to the potential market and was placed the president. This shows professionalism and expertise. Additionally, he took time to learn about agriculture. The changes affect the organization. This is because Alice says that the organization grows at a faster rate. Therefore, Andrews Winery was growing from a small scale to a large-scale organization. However, the winery’s growth seems to affect the employees. This is because the organization does not maintain its original way of handling the investors. This, therefore, has a negative affect on the organization’s business and prosperity. Therefore, it would have been better if the growth was gradual. Additionally, they cannot talk to Bill, which indicates that this organization lacks adequate communication

Case Study Phase 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phase 1 - Case Study Example In terms of business and management, the possibility of an investment’s actual return usually differs from the expected and risks include the probabilities of losing part of or the entire original investment. On the other hand, risk assessment involves determining both quantitative and qualitative risks associated with a situation and recognizing threats (Hussain, 2013). A risk assessment of quantitative nature needs calculations of two aspects of risk including the degree of the possible loss and the possibility that the loss take place. Additionally, acceptable risk is the risk that may be understood as a consequence of the cost or difficulty in the implementation of an efficient countermeasure for the related vulnerability that surpasses the expected loss. Apple is an international company whose head office is in California, that is involved in designing, developing and selling consumer electronics (Young, 2009). Even though Apple develops its own products and comes up with the software which is run on its devices, it manufactured and assembles its devices through outsourcing operations. Since the company has a heavy dependence on its partners on the delivery of the final product, it is faced with the threat of not having the full ability to control its supply operation. Apple also has a heavy dependence on numerous other organizations to develop components that constitute its final products. Even though this kind of partnerships is advantageous in the production of high quality devices, they also underscore the technological dependency of Apple on external companies. Additionally, any form of disruption suffered by the companies, which manufacture its components will directly influence the ability of Apple to produce products for the market on a timely basis. Regardless of the fact that this form of partnerships are advantageous in the production of devices of superior quality, they underscore the

My Science Fair Project Essay Example for Free

My Science Fair Project Essay My science fair project is about the sound transmission through different veneers. A veneer is the outer part of the house. It can also be called a siding. The veneers I used were brick, cement fiber, and vinyl. I used these because they were three very common veneers. I thought if I used common veneers it would make the project mean more because people can see sound transmission through common sidings. The way I built the cement fiber and vinyl siding boxes was, I cut plywood sides. After I cut the sides I nailed them together to make a box. After I made the box I wrapped the houses in house wrap. House wrap is used as a moisture barrier. My purpose for the house wrap is not to stop water from coming in, but, I used it because most houses use it. After I wrapped the houses I nailed the siding on. I then used wood putty to fill the holes. The brick box was a different procedure. After I wrapped the brick box I had to build a platform then I had to lay the brick with mortar. I had to attach the brick to the plywood with the wall ties. I tested my buildings by putting a transistor radio into the plywood box. After I put it in the box I turned it on at a low level, I then put the lid on the box and I used my sound level meter. This meter measures the amount of decibels coming out of the house. A decibel is a unit of measurement for sound. I also did the same thing on a loud and a medium sound level. I did this with all of the boxes. The brick box produced an average of 10.33 decibels at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 13 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume, and an average of 19.66 at a (100) 63 decibel volume with a total average of 14.33 decibels. The cement fiber box produced an average of 19 decibels at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 22 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume and an average of 30 decibels at a (100) 63 decibel volume. The Vinyl box produced an average of 27 decibels at a (80) 43 decibel volume, an average of 26.66 decibels at a (90) 53 decibel volume and an average of 33 decibels in a (100) decibel volume. My results of my project proved my hypothesis of brick producing the least amount of sound transmission.

Interprofessional Working in Nursing

Interprofessional Working in Nursing Mr Alfred Robinson is 85- year-old and lived happily with his wife for 50 years in a London inner city borough. They had no children but got on well and socialised with friends and neighbours. Mr Robinsons wife, Lucy, recently passed away. Alfred seems to carry on with his life as usual, going to bingo, having lunch twice a week with friends and doing gardening. Six months after the wifes death, he seemed less communicative, unkempt and frail. He confided in Susan, a family friend, that he was missing his wife, having no appetite, and feeling tired all time. After discussion, Susan volunteered to accompany Alfred to his GP for a check up. Mr Robinson was diagnosed with chest infection and admitted to hospital. Within a short time he had two further admissions, one with dehydration, and weight loss, and the other with a fall which affected his self-caring ability and confidence to walk. Three hospital admission, Mr Robinson needs were met holistically by different health and social care professionals through an inter-professional working teamwork and he always made good progress. Using relevant literature, observations made and experiences gained during my clinical placements, this essay will discuss the case of an 85-year old frail and widowed man, Mr Alfred Robinson, who appears to be grieving from the loss of his wife, has suffered a chest infection, suffering from loss of appetite and weight and has had a fall which has affected his self-caring ability and confidence to walk. In addition to discussing interprofessional working, this essay will identify three health and social care professionals, and their roles within the interprofessional working team in their quest to restore Alfreds health. The essay will next focus, in greater detail, on one of the professionals and will cover issues such as accountability, responsibility, legal, moral, ethical and statutory regulation of the professional body to which the individual belongs. The essay will then reflect on how engaging in group discussion and presentation helped in writing this piece, and then conclud e with a summary of the main points raised. Interprofessional working, simply put, means working and learning together and sharing knowledge to achieve a common goal in relation to a patient care. As specialization grows in all the healthcare professions, so too does the need for the simultaneous development of practice that encourages working together. As Bleakley et al (2006, p467) have pointed out, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that interprofessional practice offers greater benefits for patient care and safety than multi-professionalism. Hutchings et al (2003) opined that it is impossible for one professional to possess all the skills, knowledge and resources needed to meet the total healthcare needs of the society. Quality care and effectives services are the product of good team and these aspirations should be central in clinical guidelines, position statements or standard of practice. In spite of the apparent benefits of interprofessional practice, there are obstacles to interprofessional working. Headri ck et al (1998, p773) have identified some barriers to interprofessional working. These include: differences in history and culture, historical interprofessional and intra-professional rivalries, differences in language and jargon, varying levels of preparation, qualifications and status, fears of diluted professional identity and accountability, as well as concerns regarding clinical responsibility. Three health and social care professionals this essay has chosen to collaborate in order to restore Mr Alfred Robinsons health are: a bereavement counsellor, a dietitian and a physiotherapist. The bereavement counsellors role is to help Alfred to adapt to the death of Lucy, his wife for 50 years. Alfreds response and reaction to the loss (grief) of his wife includes physical, psychological, social and spiritual components. Alfred appears to be experiencing more complicated grief reactions to his bereavement and loss (Doka, 2006) and lack of progress towards psychical assimilation after passage of time and appears to be exhibiting the presence of maladaptive behaviours (Freud, 1917). The bereavement counsellor will assist in healing of Alfreds grief psychically in order that he experiences a less psychologically painful living without Lucy. The counsellor will also assist Alfred to have within the self an inner awareness of movement through his grief and towards a more adaptive relationship with Lucy (Fenn, 2011). A dietitian is a healthcare professional who focuses on proper food and nutrition in order to promote good health (WHO, 2010). Dietitians assess, diagnose and treat diet and nutrition problems at individual and wider public level. Uniquely, dietitians use public health and scientific research on food, health and disease which they translate into practical guidance to enable people make appropriate lifestyle and food choices (The British Dietetic Association, 2011). Working in consultation with other health care givers, a dietitian was involved in the diagnosis and dietary treatment of Mr Robinson. As Mr Robertson had poor appetite and had lost weight, the dietitian would have advised and provided a nutritional plan based on a comprehensive needs assessment of Mr Robinson, against which progress was monitored and outcomes evaluated in order to optimise his nutritional status and prevent re-infection and further weight loss. For instance the dietitian would have prescribed special diet , and nutritional supplement and Mr Robinsons weight reviewed regularly to ensure that the desired progress was being made. The rest of the essay will focus on physiotherapist, statutory regulatory of the physiotherapy practice, professional body of physiotherapy and the roles of physiotherapist. The rationale for the choice of a physiotherapist is that Mr. Robinson had had a chest infection and a fall which had affected his self-caring ability and confidence to walk. The physiotherapist would have helped restore Mr Robinsons movement ability and confidence to walk. The physiotherapist would have, in addition, helped treat his chest infection through the removal the excess secretion in Mr Robinsons lungs, assisted cough, and tried to improve ventilation of the lungs by physical means. All physiotherapists in the United Kingdom have received training on dealing with chest diseases and infections. (The Jennifer Trust, 2009). As a student nurse, I had the opportunity to observe, explore, interact and collaborate with physiotherapists in delivering quality care to patients during my clinical placement. I was once placed in a stroke rehabilitation unit where I worked closely with other health and social care professionals. These include doctors, nurses, dieticians, physiotherapist, clinical psychologists, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, healthcare assistants and others. During the placement I had the chance to observe the physiotherapist helping an elderly patient in maintaining his mobility and independence after a fall. I also had a unique chance to assist a stroke patient to walk around under the supervision of a physiotherapist. I also observed a speech therapist helping the same patient to re-discover his speech while a dietitian offer advice on nutrition and diet to the same patient who happened to be a diabetic as well. The World Congress of Physical Therapy in1999 described the nature of physiotherapy as providing services to people and populations to develop maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. Besides, physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximising movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, (cited in Hammond and Wheeler, 2008, p3). The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) (2002b) defines physiotherapy as a health profession concerned with human function and movement and maximising potential. Physiotherapy uses physical approaches to promote, maintain and restore physical, psychological and social well-being, taking into account of variations in health status. Physiotherapy is science- based, committed to extending, applying, evaluating and reviewing the evidence that underpins and informs its practice and delivery. The exercise of clinical judgement and informed interpretation is at its core (Hammond and Wheeler, 2008 p3). In the CSP revised Scope Professional Practice (2008), the definition of scope of physiotherapy practice is based on four pillars of massage, exercise, electrotherapy and kindred forms of treatment (cited in Dimond, 2009, p4). With its root in massaging, the therapeutic touching of patients sets physiotherapy aside from other professions. Physiotherapists continue to use massage therapeutically in addition to manual techniques such as manipulation and reflex therapy. Therapeutic handling underpins many aspects of rehabilitation, requiring the touching of patients to facilitate movements (Hammond and Wheeler, 2008, p3). To practise in the profession of physiotherapy in the UK, one is required by law to be registered with the Health Professions Council (HPC), UKs statutory regulator for health professions. The titles physiotherapist and physical therapist are protected by the powers of Health Profession Order 2001 and may only be used by persons who are on HPCs statutory register. The essence of this is to protect patients from unqualified or inadequately skilled healthcare providers. HPC keeps a register for health professional that meets its standards and it takes action if registered health professionals do not meet those standards. The HPC sets the standards of professional training, performance and conduct for fifteen professions including physiotherapist (HPC 2011). The HPC has since 2006 put in place a system, requiring re-registration at intervals of two years and that all physiotherapists provide evidence that they have been developing and are continuing to develop their skills and knowledge while they are registered. The Continuing Professional Development (CPD) standards require physiotherapist to supply a profile on request demonstrating fulfilment of the CPD standards (tested through sample audit). The standard requires all registrants to maintain a continuous, up-to-date and accurate record of their CPD activities. This is to ensure that registrants CPD has contributed to the quality of practice, service delivery and benefits the service user. All registrants are expected to able to demonstrate that their CPD is a blend of learning activities relevant to current and future practice. Physiotherapists are fully autonomous practitioners and do not require a medical referral in order to see a patient. Patients may access a physiotherapist directly themselves, or may be referred to a physiotherapist by other health professionals. The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) is a professional body for physiotherapist. The CSP provides a framework for curriculum of physiotherapy education and approves those physiotherapy programmes that meet the requirements of the framework on behalf of the profession. Additionally the CSP publishes rules of professional conduct and standards of physiotherapy practice derived from within the profession and are in harmony with those of the HPC. Anyone on the HPC physiotherapist register may call themselves a physiotherapist, however, only those who are also members of the CSP, may call themselves as chartered physiotherapist. It is worthy to note that relationship with the HPC is one of registrant; with the CSP it is one of membership. The breadth of activity and resources that the CSP undertakes and provides seek to establish a level of excellence for the physiotherapy profession. Its education and professional activity is centred on leading and supporting its members delivery of high-quality, evidence-based patience care. The CSP is the primary holder and shaper of physiotherapy practice in the UK and works on behalf of the profession to protect the chartered status of physiotherapists standing, which is the one denoting excellence (Hammond and Wheeler, 2008, p2). The CSP sets standard and ideals of behaviours for its members. The CSPs Rules of Professional Conduct was first endorsed in 1895 (Barclay, 1994) and has been revised and updated periodically since that time. A new Code of Professional Values and Behaviour which will supersede the Rules of Professional Conduct (still valid) is being piloted with members (CSP, 2011). The Rules of Professional Conduct (the Rules) defines the professional behaviour expected of chartered physiotherapists which are intended to safeguard patients. The Rules require chartered physiotherapist to: respect and uphold the rights, dignity and individual sensibilities of every patient; ensure the confidentiality and security of patient information; work safely and competently; not exploit patients; and act in a way which reflects credit on the profession and does not cause offence to patient and carer (CSP, 2002a). The CSP has since 1990, periodically published CSP Standards of Physiotherapy Practice (the Standards), the fourth edition was in 2005 and currently being revised (CSP, 2011). The Standards describes the professional consensus on the practise of physiotherapy and reflect the collective judgement of the profession. The Standards provides statements about the practical application of the ethical principles set in the Rules. The core standards provide a framework within which all chartered physiotherapist and associate members are required to practise. The core standards play a central role in the delivery of safe and effective physiotherapy to patients. For instance, the Core Standards 2 (CSP, 2005a) states Patients are given the relevant information about the proposed physiotherapy procedure, taking into account their age, emotional state and cognitive ability, to allow for informed consent. The expected measurable performance or activity set out for this standard include: the patient s consent is obtained before starting any examination/ treatment; treatment options, including significant benefits, risks, and side-effects, are discussed with the patient; the patient is given the opportunity to ask questions; the patient is informed of the right to decline physiotherapy at any stage without that prejudicing future care; the patients consent to the treatment plan is documented in the patients records. The Standards include clinical audit tools for measurable performance or activity to be assessed against. The clinical audit tool consists of a template for physiotherapist to assess both core and service standards so as to identify areas of good practice and also areas for development work. The essay will now consider some of the roles physiotherapists play in the health delivery system. Physiotherapists work in outpatients department of healthcare institution where they treat spinal and joint problems, accidents and sports injuries. In caring for the elderly like Mr Robinson, physiotherapists help maintain mobility and independence, rehabilitation after falls, treat arthritis and chest infection. In neurology, physiotherapists help restore normal movement and function in stroke and multiple sclerosis in patients. Physiotherapists play important roles in mental healthcare delivery by giving classes in relaxation, improving confidence and self-esteem through exercising. Physiotherapists work in hospice where they treat terminally ill people suffering from ailments such as AIDS and cancer. In paediatrics care, physiotherapists treat injured and sick children as well as those with severe mental diseases and physical deformities and conditions such as cerebral palsy and spi na bifida. This essay was facilitated by the feedback received during the group presentation. It helped me to research more to understand the topic in general and also to plan and structure the essay. In conclusion this essay has taken a cursory look at interprofessional working, its benefits and challenges in general and specifically how a dietitian, bereavement counsellor and physiotherapist collaborated in restoring Mr Robinson to good health. The essay explored the HPC as statutory regulators of physiotherapy to ensure high standards and to protect patients from unqualified or inadequately skilled healthcare providers. The CSP is the primary holder and shaper of physiotherapy practice in the UK and works on behalf of the profession to protect the chartered status of physiotherapists standing, which is the one denoting excellence.

Organized Retail Current And Future Prospects

Organized Retail Current And Future Prospects The word Retail comes from the French retaillier which means to cut a piece of or to break bulk. Retail involves activities whereby products or services are sold to consumers in small quantities as per their requirements. The retail sector in India is evolving and undergoing transition. Early consumers use to visit kirana stores for their daily necessities but with the advent of retail formats with products under one roof, consumers were attracted to it. Retail formats have trained staff that cater to consumer requirements and is more organized. Organized retailing provides consumers an experience characterized with comfort, style and speed. It provides consumers more control, convenience and choice. Organised retailers have a network of retail outlets that are managed by professionals. CURRENT SCENARIO IN ORGANIZED RETAIL India is a hot spot for many retail giants due to its vast middle class population and untapped retail markets. The retail industry in India has seen a transition. An annual growth of 25% is expected in India. In the last few years, India has witnessed a tremendous growth. Change in consumer profiles and demographics, increase in the number of international brands in the market, government policies, urbanization, credit availability, improved infrastructure, increasing investments in technology and real estate are the factors responsible for the retail boom in India. The retail sector has provided employment to people in rural areas and contributes to 10% of its GDP and 8% employment. In India 3% of the market is organized whereas 97% of the market consists of mom and pop stores. The retail sector is gradually increasing. Retail sector can be broadly classified into food and groceries, textile and clothing, consumer durables, footwear, jewelry and watches, furniture and furnishing, c atering services, books, music and gifts, mobile handsets and others. Retail managers make complex decisions in selecting their target markets and location. Determining want merchandize and service to offer to consumers. The distribution channels to be used are another important step for the retailers. They have to make complex decisions on training and motivating sales associates and on deciding how to price, promote and present merchandize. Retail in India is not at the same pace as other Asian counterparts but is gearing up. India has a secured a great position in the international market. India provides huge scope for companies due to its demographic composition. These companies bring different products and target different consumer segments. Global Retail Development Index has positioned India as the foremost destination for retail investment and business development. This is due to the large population comprising of the age group 20-34 having high purchasing power, which has c aused high increase in demand in the urban market. Thus causing growth in the retail business. TRENDS IN RETAIL Demographic Increase in disposable income India becoming a popular destination for foreign retailers India revamping its retail sector 24% growth in departmental sales annually Growing population of double income individuals Use of information technology Rural markets as emerging markets for retail Organised retail largely present in urban areas Successful in cities due to consumer buying behaviour CHALLENGES IN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR Retail sector in India is going through a transitional phase and has faced many challenges. Some of the challenges faced are as follows: 97% of the market is unorganized comprising of mom and pop stores. It has low cost, negligible real estate and labour cost, little or no taxes to pay. Consumers for generations to generations tend to visit these mom and pop stores and have gained favorability. Organized sector has huge expenses and need to keep the prices low to match the traditional store prices The organized retail sector is not recognized as an industry. Thus being unable to get finances and thereby affecting growth and expansion plans. Investing in real estate is very expensive. Retailers have to pay large amount to build retail formats. The rent or lease to be paid is high. The high lease or rent reduces profitability. High stamp duties that need to be paid by retailers. The stamp duties vary from state to state. Lack of infrastructure poses a challenge to retailers. Poor roads and transportation. Lack of cold storage in food and grocery segments. Retailers often face multiple taxes in different states. Value added tax system. Approval of foreign retail in India is not an automatic process. Regulations enforced on purchasing real estate. Local laws. Tax policies that favor small businesses. Poor supply chain and information technology infrastructure. Lack of skilled and trained work force. Low levels of skill in retail segment. Rapid price change. Threat of products becoming obsolete. Threat of low margins OPPORTUNITIES IN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR Organized retail provides product visibility and a platform for customer interaction. It helps in launching new products and its variants Helps is market penetration and expansion. It has wider product range and fast delivery process. Due to urbanization, consumers can be catered to through a single retail outlet. Nuclear families have to earning members which increases the available disposable income. Due to lack of time consumers want everything under one roof. Retail outlets have various payments modes like cash payments and payments through credit or debit card. Retail outlets have proper infrastructure, air conditioning, well maintained buildings, trained staff, electronic machines, parking facilities and categorical display of goods. It provides customer an experience and enhances customer engagement. Organized retail provides employment opportunities to skilled. Semi-skilled as well as unskilled individuals. It contributes to social- economic development of the country. Due to emergence of retail outlets, there is a lot of competition. Thus retailers offer discounts, promotional events, festival offers etc. It reduces supply chain management process FUTURE PROSPECTS The retail industry in India is growing more and more rapidly. The retail sector in the small towns and cities is expected to increase 50-60%. The factors that play a crucial role in shaping the future of the retail sector are as follows: Due to the increase in the income of an average individual, the purchasing power is increasing. There is improvement in the infrastructure and thus is contributing to market growth. With liberal policies formulated by the government, foreign investors can enter the Indian market and make investment. As Indian consumers are evolving through purchase of different products and services. The national and international brands are benefitting. The internet has made it easy for international brands to understand Indian consumers and influence them before entering into the market. Due to internet penetration in the remotest markets, consumers are aware of global products and service offerings. With well developed retail, large areas of land lying ideal in prime location with governmental and non-governmental agencies can be used to set up large retail formats and cater to the requirements of the consumers. Major tourist destinations have well organized retail sectors. Thus, well established retail sectors can attract tourist to the city and promote it. Realizing the need gap is important in the retail sector. Use of decision support system by retailers. Use of technological innovations to provide real time information of products sold, thus managing inventory levels. Building store brand by creating footfalls and converting them into sales.

The Gaelic League :: Essays Papers

The Gaelic League After the famine and the institution of Home Rule on Ireland as part of the United Kingdom, the partially broken country, Ireland, became in need of nationalism in its land, along with something that would set the Irish apart from England. Answering the call for leadership in a country with a desperate need for it, Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill stepped up. In 1893, the two joined to form the Gaelic League. The effects of this organization change the success of Ireland as a country. The Gaelic League was not only a source of nationalism and unity for the country, the league also gave Ireland a sense of uniqueness from its dominating and overbearing neighbor, England. The League eventually helped the country gain its independence. The Gaelic League did, however, experience great difficulties throughout its existence and became a factor in the eventual civil war in Ireland. The Gaelic League was designed by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill in order to separate Ireland from England. Similar to today, when countries do not want to loose their customs and traditions to the American customs and traditions, Ireland was striving to maintain its sense of individuality. Ireland, from the perspective of other nations, was just part of the United Kingdom and considered under the control of England (MacDonagh 68). Hyde and MacNeill, along with many others, were not content with the partial freedom Ireland received from the Home Rule Act. The act gave Ireland a chance to hold its own parliament, but would keep English institutions and speak English as their national language. In order to keep the Gaelic language alive, Gaelic speaking and singing contests were held to promote the learning of the language (Brown 94). These contests were associated with the Gaelic Athletic Association which was a precursor to the Gaelic League. The Gaelic Athletic As sociate created teams from Ireland which would compete against each other, creating another source of income, although very minimal, for some peasants and another part of the economy for a financially weak country. These speaking competitions eventually lead to the creation of the Gaelic League. The goal of The Gaelic League was to maintain the Irish language by teaching it in schools.

What practical steps could the European Parliament take to build awaren

The Preamble of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union explicitly states that the Union is founded upon â€Å"†¦principles of democracy† and â€Å"places the individual at the heart of its activities.† Putting these two founding ideas from the Preamble into a comprehensive guide for democracy in the European Union, one can deduce the importance of an individual’s participation within the supranational entity. Given that voter participation is an indispensable element of a legitimate democratic process, it therefore remains essential for the European Union to promote its democratic nature and intent. The easiest way to do this is through its only democratically elected body: the European Parliament. In order for both internal members and external observers of the Union to perceive it as a legitimate democratic entity, the Union ought to seek to maximize the democratic utility of the European Parliament. As the only directly elected instit ution within the European Union, the European Parliament carries a special and unique responsibility in establishing and maintaining the democratic reputation of the entire European Union. In this paper, by first providing a description of the Parliament and the deficiencies of its current role within the Union, I will suggest a variety of steps to be taken by both the European Parliament and the European Union to foster awareness and support of the institution amongst the European Public. The concept of an European identity, the role and use of the media, and the quality of election campaigns are three interrelated ideas that, if dually cultivated, could have a highly beneficial impact on the awareness and support of the European Parliament amongst the public. Although the purpose of... ...an Parliament is to draw attention towards what has been deemed a â€Å"communication deficit† (Bilska 2011). The final suggestion that I have found most ever-present in the literature regarding the high levels of the European public’s apathy towards the institution of the European Parliament is political campaigning. While the three aforementioned suggestions (development of a supranational identity, improvement of media coverage and improved campaign strategies) are frequently found in the literature concerning the normative behaviour of the European Parliament, most authors have failed to take into account ulterior factors that could be attributed to high citizen apathy. As proposed in this paper, I suggest that there are logistical deficiencies within the European Union as a whole which are contributing to the lack of European solidarity amongst its citizens.

A unique Training Program at UPS

Mark Colvard, a United Parcel Manager in San Ramon, California, recently faced a difficult decision. One of his drivers asked for 2 week off to help an ailing family member.But company rules said this driver wasn’t eligible. If Colvard went by the book, the driver would probably take the days off anyway and be fired. On the other hand, Colvard chose to give the driver the time off. Although he took some heat for the decision, he also kept a valuable employee.Had Colvard been faced with this decision 6 months earlier, he says he would have gone the other way. What changed his thinking was a month he spent living in McAllen, Texas. It was part of a UPS management training experience called the Community Internship Program (CIP). During his month in McAllen, Colvard built housing for the poor, collected clothing for the Salvation Army, and worked in a drug rehab Center.Colvard gives the program credit for helping him empathize with employees facing crises back home. And he says t hat CIP has made him a better manager. â€Å"My goal was to make the numbers, and in some cases that meant not looking at the individual but looking at the bottom line. After that one month stay, I Immediately started reaching out to people in a different way.†CIP was established by UPS in the late 1960s to help open the eyes of the company’s predominantly white managers to the poverty and inequality in many cities. Today, the program takes 50 of the company’s most promising executives each summer and brings them to cities around the country.There they deal with a variety of problems from transportation to housing, education, and health care. The company’s goal is to awaken these managers to the challenges that many of their employees face, bridging the cultural divide that separates a white manager from an African American driver or an upper-income suburbanite from a worker raised in the rural South.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you think individuals can lea rn empathy from something like a 1-month CIP experience? Explain why or why not.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How could UPS’s CIP help the organization better manage work life conflicts?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How could UPS’s CIP help the Organization improve its response to diversity?4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What negatives, if any can you envision resulting from CIP?5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   UPS has 2,400 managers. CIP includes only 50 each year. How can the program make a difference if it include only 2 percent of all managers? Does this suggest that the program is more public relations than management training?6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can UPS justify the cost of a program like CIP if competitors like FedEx, DHL, and the U.S. Postal Service don’t offer such programs? Does the program increase costs or reduce UPS profits?   

Life Is Beautiful Essay

The movie â€Å"Life is Beautiful† is a pretty funny movie, but still very touching since it deals with the Holocaust and takes place in a concentration camp. The main message is still clear even though the Holocaust is being depicted in a comedic way, which is to â€Å"never give up†. Guido, a Jewish waiter in the WWII era, is going at all lengths to win the heart of Dora, a non-Jewish school teacher. Although polite about it, she does not welcome his attempts at first that is until she gets to know him. She soon realizes that she returns his love for her, and they get married. They soon have a son, Giosue. Throughout the movie, you can see how big the love between Guido, Dora and Joshua is. They would do anything for each other. For instance, Dora gets on the train to the concentration camp to be with her husband and son knowing that the destination is horrible. She uses her freedom of choice to follow her heart at any cost and displays bravery and determination. She does not see any sense in her life without her family even though she could be safe if she had not joined the train. Guido decides to do â€Å"bad† by lying to his son about the events that have been happening in the concentration camp. He is telling his son that those Holocaust events are some sort of games. The reason why he is lying is to protect his son. Telling him that the activities in the concentration camp are a game enables Giosue to survive and cope with a situation that he is too young to understand. He somehow teaches his son a lesson about finding a way to look at even the worst situations and make the best out of them. If Giosue knew that what was actually going on, he would be terrified, he would panic and might get killed soon. Another effect of Guido’s efforts and commitments to keep up his son’s spirit is that those actions even inspire the other prisoners in the camp. They see how he is trying to give his son hope, and they eventually find hope for themselves. Everything time when Guido feels anger, he tries to hide it and substitute it with something funny for his son’s sake. He is trying to make his family live in happiness even though they were being forced in this place. Guido did his best to save his son and wife and even gives his own life at the end for them. The moral of Guido character is that even if we face difficulties in our life, we should think for a way out of it and try to make it simple and make life beautiful.

Gadget Toys Case Write-Up Essay

Gadget Toy Company is faced with a choice between two options to reduce project time for their new toy line. Gadget must cut down project time in order to meet their Christmas deadline that is 19 weeks away. Analysis shows that there are two critical paths for the current process, which is 20 weeks long and includes the following critical activities: obtain funding approval (A), finalize engineering (B), build dies/tools (D), raw material delivery (K), initial production run (L), ship product (M), train workers (F), and de-bug process (G). See figure below. Gadget’s first option is to reduce the amount of product advertising. Although this might reduce cost, advertising (J) is not a critical activity and won’t reduce the total project time. Beyond that, cutting six weeks of advertising – the maximum amount – will result in an estimated 30% decrease in sales. This is hardly worth the lower costs for a new product launch, and advertising is necessary if Gadg et wants the children’s toy line to be popular beyond the Christmas season. Gadget’s second option is to ask the production manager to work weekends for faster tool building (D). Although this would cost the company $5000, Gadget Toy Co. should accept the offer. Tool building is a critical activity and the bottleneck in the process flow. The next longest path in the process flow is 16 weeks, resulting in a slack time of four weeks. By accepting the offer from the tool builder the critical paths can be reduced to 18 weeks and the product can be launched within the 19-week deadline. Process Paths Before Decision: AHJM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 = 15 weeks AHIKLM = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 10 weeks ABDKLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ABDFGLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ACEFGLM = 1 + 8 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 16 weeks Process Paths Before Decision: AHJM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 = 15 weeks AHIKLM = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 10 weeks ABDKLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ABDFGLM = 1 + 1 + 12 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 20 weeks (critical path) ACEFGLM = 1 + 8 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 16 weeks Gadget Flow Chart Total Time to Delivery 18 WEEKS Total Time to Delivery 18 WEEKS Raw Material Delivery (K) 2 WEEKS Raw Material Delivery (K) 2 WEEKS Train Workers (F) 1 WEEK Train Workers (F) 1 WEEK De-Bug Process (G) 1 WEEK De-Bug Process (G) 1 WEEK Initial Production Run (L) 3 WEEKS Initial Production Run (L) 3 WEEKS Ship Product (M) 1 WEEK Ship Product (M) 1 WEEK Finalize Packaging and Artwork (I) 2 WEEKS Finalize Packaging and Artwork (I) 2 WEEKS Advertise (J) 12 WEEKS Advertise (J) 12 WEEKS Install Equipment (E) 1 WEEK Install Equipment (E) 1 WEEK Build Dies/Tools 10 WEEKS (D) BOTTLENECK Build Dies/Tools 10 WEEKS (D) BOTTLENECK Establish Advertising Plan 1 WEEK (H) Establish Advertising Plan 1 WEEK (H) Finalize Engineering (B) 1 WEEK Finalize Engineering (B) 1 WEEK Deliver New Equipment (C) 8 WEEKs Deliver New Equipment (C) 8 WEEKs Obtain Funding Approval (A) 1 WEEK Obtain Funding Approval (A) 1 WEEK After Decision

Psychology of Adulthood and Aging Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Relationship varies in people and among different issues involved. Indeed no man is an island and you are what you are today because of how people made influences to you. Maintaining a good relationship is vital in every man’s life. It serves as inspiration and a driving force to succeed in every career or goal that we want to pursue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This research aims to discuss further relationship types and issues. Our way of living and how it affects dealing with people will also be analyzed. At the end of this paper one will begin to realize what are the responsibilities and role of every individual as they relate with every people around. Friendship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first type of relationship is friendship. As discussed in class in this relationship type, people tend to have more friendships during young adulthood than during any other period. It is easier to deal with younger people since they are free of anxiety, envy and insecurity. Hatred is easily taken out of their minds unlike fights between adult. They are after the happiness of their playmates rather discussing petty arguments. â€Å"Children’s friendships are the training grounds for important adult relationships, including marriage† (Finding A Friend, 2000). As they grow up different preferences occurs as they began to choose the kind of friends that they will have and also during Friendships in old age are important for maintaining life satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Friendship among adult includes three broad themes: First, Affective or emotional basis of friendship based on trust, loyalty and commitment, Shared and communal nature of friendship and Sociability and compatibility. Men tend to have fewer close friends and base them on shared activities.   Women have more close friends and base them on emotional sharing. According to psychologist Erdley and Nangle in an article of University of Maine website: Close friendships are characterized by affection, a sense of reliable alliance and intimacy the sharing of secrets and personal information. The experience of having a friend to confide in can promote feelings of trust, acceptance and sense of being understood. As a result, friendship mediates the link between acceptance and loneliness. (Finding A Friend, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trust is really vital in any relationship this is a strong foundation especially during your maturity years and you need somebody to rely upon. Your loyalty is really the basis as to up to what extent your friendship will last. It is also a commitment that requires integrity with each other on secrets and when businesses are already included. As you build trust you can easily gather people of common interest with what you have, from here enters the second theme of adult friendship. Sharing the same nature of likes and dislikes brings a more sense of belongingness and acceptance. From those commonalities, it leads to the third theme as you begin to adapt social responsibility as a friend. â€Å"Unlike close friendships, peer group acceptance offers children a sense of inclusion. Both social relationships offer nurturing and self-worth. But while peer acceptance influences children’s feelings of belonging, friendships directly affect feelings of loneliness† (Finding A Friend, 2000). Sibling Relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of our time is spent outside mingling with our peers but more important are those people whom we see upon arriving home. Blood relation is indeed more greater since they are the ones who stood by us after we are given birth. Sibling relationships are important and among the closest relationships. There are five types of sibling relationships that have been identified in class these are: Congenial or having the same disposition and desired things in life siblings who live with congenial relationship results in a more harmonious way of living as they associate the likes and feelings on one another., Intimate sibling relationship is more delicate and sweet in the truest sense they are after the concern of each other while the third type is in contrast with the first since apathetic type of sibling relationship is more spiritless and indifferent with the feelings of their siblings. Lastly is more of antagonistic approach since being Hostile to their siblings is because of certain malevolence and interest to family property.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sibling relationship is indeed the most important on any relationship since they are the ones who stood beside us right after birth hence sibling rivalries makes the situation worst at times. This is considered as the rocky part of family relationship since jealousy and envy takes place between brothers and sister over affection, time and material things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children are sensitive from the age of one year to differences in parental treatment and by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   three years they have a sophisticated grasp of family rules and can evaluate themselves in relation to their siblings (Mersky Ledder, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is also explained by psychologist Freud as he states:   the sibling relationship is an extension of the Oedipus complex, where brothers were in competition for their mother’s attention and sisters for their fathers (Mitchell, 2003). And since sibling rivalry is part of every family it happens once in a while but siblings manage to fix things over quicker with the aid of parents. Love Relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Next relationship taken up is Love relationship where Passion, intimacy, and commitment are the key components.   Selecting a mate works best when there are shared values, goals, and interests. Passion is important to keep the romance alive and be more sweet to your love one. Intimacy is having the same extent of emotion and shared interest while commitment is being responsible to your partner and where fidelity takes place. The best way to love according to one love website is to :Love deeper. We love others to the degree we love ourselves (Self Creation, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Part of loving one’s self is accepting (being okay with) who we are. Consequently, we   Ã‚   love to the degree we’re happy. While we are unhappy and attending to our fears, we do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   not love. The self is always crying out for acceptance. When we deny ourselves that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   acceptance, life gets twisted. Our attention gets sucked into a void inside ourselves,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   leaving nothing left to give to another (Self Creation, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Love and acceptance goes hand in hand in order to maintain a good love relationship. Communications is also important to know each others feelings and it is better to find a mate who shares the sane set of values and beliefs to avoid any further arguments. If love is not taken care of properly violence in the relationship may occur and worsen the scene. Violence in Relationships   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Violence in Relationships contains levels of aggressive behavior range from verbal aggression to physical aggression to murdering one’s partner.   The causes of aggression become more complex as the level of aggression increases.   People remain in abusive relationships for many reasons, including low self-esteem and the belief that they cannot leave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insecurity and obsession merely causes violence in relationship. A person greatly obsessed tends to take ownership on his partner and don’t want anybody to get into their way. Insecurity makes a person think of ways to secure his/her partner so that no one will have the power to get into the scene. Low self-esteem causes lack of confidence. Hence this violence can be avoided if only trust is preserved in the relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, violence in a relationship can be classified into three: Physical, Sexual and Emotional Abuse. Physical Abuse involves kicking, hitting, hair pulling, spitting, biting, pushing, shoving, beating with weapons and murder (Understanding Violence, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sexual Abuse occurs when forced or coerced sex, unwanted touching, sexual accusations, unwanted sexual acts and Emotional Abuseises extreme possessiveness and jealousy, name calling, put downs, manipulation and control, isolation from friends and family, threats of suicide, threats against your life or to harm loved ones and pets, destruction of property (Understanding Violence, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abuse and neglect of older adults is an increasing problem. This can be also considered as violence in a relationship since the feelings of adult people is being put at stake. The feeling of rejection and neglected to be taken care of is really hurtful to its very extent. Singlehood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to our class lecture,   Approximately 75% of men and 60% of women are single between the ages of 20 and 25.   People remain single for many reasons; gender differences exist.   Singles recognize the pluses and minuses in the lifestyle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The freedom that one may gain being single is irreplaceable since no one is dominating your life and you don’t need to think of giving consideration to any ones feeling since you are only depending on your individuality. Cohabitation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this kind of relationship couples are living together without any legal or moral consent. People in committed, sexual relationships lives together and is now becoming an increasingly popular lifestyle. This up to date trend is not healthy but can be considered a trial and error relationship to determine the characteristics of your companion before jumping into marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, such measures should be taken loosely, as researchers report that cohabitation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   often does not have clear start and end dates, as people move in and out of each other’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   homes and sometimes do not agree on the definition of their living arrangement at a particular moment in time (Manning & Smock, 2005). Homosexual Relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most countries prohibits this kind of relationship since it is ruled with morality and ethical issues. But gay male and lesbian couples are similar to married heterosexual couples in terms of relationship issues.   The issue here is how open is the society to accept the validity of their relationship. Since in the present generation there are laws made to allow marriage of same sex couples. Marriage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The validity of a relationship is often measure through the legality of Marriage. The most important factors in creating stable marriages are maturity, similarity, and conflict resolution.   Marital satisfaction is highest at the beginning, falls until children leave home, and rises again in later life. Failure in marriage results to emotional damages and may lead into divorce. There are also instance when you find that there is someone else whom you should have marry instead of the one you are currently attached. This is the time where divorce and remarriage takes place. Divorce and Remarriage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although most couples intend their marriages to last, roughly half will end in divorce.   Divorce is not viewed as negatively as it once was and expectations about marriage have increased.   Gender differences are found in adjustment; men have more short term problems but women have more long term problems including financial difficulties.   Most divorced couples remarry. Widowhood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Widowhood is more common among women because they tend to marry men older thank they are.   Widowed men are typically older.   Men generally have problems in social relationships and in household tasks.   Women tend to have financial problems Reference: Finding a Finding a Friend: Children’s Friendships Training Ground for Adult Relationships (2000). University of Maine Website, Retrieved, January 23, 2008 from: http://www.umaine.edu/mainesci/Archives/Psychology/Friendships.htm Manning, Wendy and Smock, Pamela (2005). â€Å"Measuring and Modeling Cohabitation: New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perspectives from Qualitative Data.† Journal of Marriage and Family 67(4):989-1002. Mersky Leder, Jane (1993). Adult Sibling Rivalry. Psychology Today. January-February Issue 1993. Mitchell, Juliet (2003). Freud Lecture. Retrieved January 23, 2008 from: http://www.freud-museum.at/e/inhalt/wissenJulietMitchell2003.html Self Creation (2008). Be Selfish in love. Retrieved, January 23, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.selfcreation.com/love/index.htm Understanding Violence in a Relationship (2008). What is Violence in a Relationship. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   January 23, 2008 from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/CommunitySupport/Men4Change/violencerelate.html   

The lumen and absorb Teams at Crutchfield Chemical Engineering Case Study

The lumen and absorb Teams at Crutchfield Chemical Engineering - Case Study Example With this definition of intrinsic motivation in mind, several assumptions as to how these differences arose can be formulated. Primarily, it could be assumed that not all individuals on the Absorb team are working in their desired career goals, even though the majority of them hold academic-supported credentials in their current domain of work practice. Under this assumption, there would be little that could be done to improve the Absorb team’s motivational stance since working in the chemical field might simply require an adjustment of work environment in order to satisfy intrinsic needs. Secondly, as supported by the case study, there are some clues about what is driving intrinsic motivational failures present in the Absorb team that are not present in the Lumen team. Chip, the team leader, is 49 years of age and has been at the company for almost 25 years. It is probable, based on rather subjective assumptions, that Chip enjoys this field of work or would have pursued new opportunities in the past if he was not intrinsically motivated for this particular profession. Furthermore, Chip seems to have a natural propensity (an inherent motivator) to maintain a very authoritative and hierarchical management system with many control systems in place. This conflicts with virtually every team members’ desire for inherent needs for autonomy and recognition in work performance. Under models of the autocratic leadership style, this type of manager is motivated by achievement of absolute dominating power, believing that subordinates do not maintain the capacity or abilit ies to effectively work without strict and regular management presence. (Goodnight 82). Chip, who seems to maintain many of these characteristics, works as an externally-driven force that drives down motivation on the Absorb team. In the Lumen team, however, there is much more team-working occurring and social attitudes seem to sustain the same intrinsic motivations for cohesion and unity when working in group environments. Max, the team leader, is much more forthcoming both professionally and emotionally when working with his group members, applauding their performance publicly. Under respected models of psychology, one of the most fundamental aspects that drive both self-confidence production and self-actualization (the pinnacle of individual achievement) is rooted under the establishment of social belonging (Morris and Maisto 164). The case study shows a marked appreciation from the Lumen team members for this social cohesion and the ability of their team leader to find inherent satisfaction when his team members are satisfied, motivated, and willing to go the proverbial extra mile to satisfy group needs. Assuming that these team members are, indeed, motivated intrinsically by harmonious team membership environments, then Max serves as an ideal catalyst for securing these motivations by providing outward social practices that feed inherent needs in all of his group members. The effects of these differences are clear. The Absorb team members do not appreciate being second-guessed and, in some instances, allegedly deceived by their team leader. The Absorb team is not receiving proper reinforcement when they feel they have accomplished significant achievements, always being told to restructure their work in a way that satisfies this

Emotionl litercy interventions in the prevention of bullying within Essay

Emotionl litercy interventions in the prevention of bullying within the pstorl system of school - Essay Example Bullying is now recognized s common form of victimiztion on British school cmpuses nd significnt school sfety problem (Nnsel et l., 2001). This pper provides thoughtful conceptul nd prcticl informtion for school psychologists, who cn ply centrl role in the schools' response to this growing concern bout school bullying t pstorl clsses. The pper ims to review nd expnd on topics discussed, prticulrly s they relte to the British school context in mong pstorl students. Reching ntionl consensus on school bullying represents significnt chllenge tht will require blncing needs cross reserchers, eductors, nd public policy mkers. Whtever the effectiveness of specific bully prevention progrms, the ntionl effort to minimize the negtive effects of bullying will need to ddress fundmentl mtters relted to the definition of school bullying nd the trnsltion of best reserch prctices into public policy nd eductionl prctice t the school site level. I suggest tht clrity on mtters of definition is of the ut most importnce. First, it is needed for the scientific purpose of hving precision in wht is being studied. Second, it is needed becuse lck of common understnding bout wht constitutes bullying could result in confusing rry of ntionl, stte, nd locl policies nd responses to the problems creted by bullying. Rtionl Literture review Bullying behvior mong students hs long been disruptive fctor in the eductionl relm nd continues t thretening level, ffecting the emotionl nd physicl sfety of students (Grrity, Jens, Porter, Syger, & Short-Cmilli, 2005). It ws estimted tht 160,000 children miss school ech dy becuse of fer (Solberg, Olweus 2003). Bullying, mjor cuse of this fer, keeps children from perceiving school s sfe environment. Unfortuntely, mny of these children re reluctnt to request id from school stff for fer of reprisls nd becuse of indequte protection. School for mny is not the sfe, lerning environment it ws intended to be. Mny students re nxious bout witnessing bullying nd fer tht they my become victims of bullying if they hve not lredy been trgeted. Given the misery tht thousnds of children endure dffy over the course of severl yers of eduction, the problems surrounding bullying should not be ignored or simply tolerted. Mny techers ignore bullying becuse they believe they lck dequte skills nd trining to intervene, they fer tht intervening in bullying sitution will only dd fuel to the fire, or they fer tht their involvement would force the problem "underground" (Olweus, 1994).Two out of three students report tht techers hndle the problems of bullying indequtely. Mny students surmise tht their techers re not cogniznt of problems becuse bullying often ppers to go unnoticed by the techers. In fct, bullying incidents re rrely brought to the techer's ttention unless there is serious incident. Techers ply criticl role in snctioning the bullying behvior tht occurs in the schools, either intentionlly or unintentionlly. Hence, "bullying will never be eliminted unless techers nd children become prtners in this crusde ginst cruelty" (Orpins, Home, Stniszewski,

Theory report-Archtecture History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Theory report-Archtecture History - Essay Example Toward this direction it is supported that urban design ‘is geographically limited in terms that it can be applied in ‘areas of a limited size, about half a mile (0.8 km) square’12. It should also be noticed that modern architecture is characterized by a plethora of innovative plans and ideas which all contribute to the development of the specific science throughout the years. As an example we could refer to the case of Archigram which published in 1961 and included a series of architectural plans of very simple form as designed by Cook, Webb and other architects that participated in the whole effort (Design Museum, 2007). Archigram has been a representative sample of modern architectural ideas despite the fact that its application is not achievable. Apart from Archigram, a series of trends have been developed in architecture which was furthermore supported by theories related with the plans involved. In this context, Utopia – a term that is used a lot in the description of specific social and cultural conditions – has been related with architecture. The plans that were developed under the influence of ‘Utopian’ city present many simi larities although there are also elements that are unique in each one of these plans. It should be noticed that the application of the theory of ‘Utopia’ in architecture is not recent. In fact there are many studies that refer to the particular issue highlighting the importance of ‘Utopia’ for the development of ‘unreal’ but pleasant conditions of life for citizens around the world. Current paper presents a personal proposal on Courthouse project using the theory of Utopia as developed in the area of architecture. The particular aspects of Utopia are presented in order to understand its application of architecture and its potential use in the future towards the development of viable urban plans. Moreover, a series of architectural plans related with Utopia has been used in order to

Applied Psychology - Mindfulness meditation as a treatment for Essay

Applied Psychology - Mindfulness meditation as a treatment for depression - Essay Example It is informative to note that Behaviour Therapy developed at a time when psychology regarded classical and operant conditioning as sufficient mechanisms in explaining human behaviour. Later when psychology took on board the mediation of thought and language (what went on inside the ‘black box’) as important in explaining human behaviour, Cognitive Therapy was born. CBT is approved by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK. However, since no one therapy (including medication) has been proved to be universally beneficial for all patients, the field of counselling and therapy is replete with many alternatives such as psychoanalysis, Gestalt Therapy, and other humanistic therapies. These are not seen as ‘scientific’, objective, and amenable to quantitative research. Increasingly, with the passage of time, it appears that ‘mind’ a concept that had been totally alien to ‘scientific’, positivistic psychology, was beginning to be accepted, at least in the form of neural activity in the brain underpinning all mental schemata as the basis of behaviour. From here, it has been quite a jump to accept ‘mindfulness meditation’, borrowed from the Hindu and Buddhist traditions practised as a religious observance for more than 2500 years as a means of reaching enlightenment. So, Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), may be seen as an innovation in therapy through an attempt at a fusion between two widely divergent fields of human endeavour separated not only by time of origin but by distinctiveness of culture as well . Even so, over the last two decades MBCT appears to have proved efficacious in treating persistent or recurring depression in psychiatric patients (Teasdale et al 2000). Meditation in mindfulness is the cultivation of awareness of the activity of one’s consciousness from moment to moment. When one is able to accomplish this, it can stop one being trapped in constant ruminations and automatisms in

Is famine a natural phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is famine a natural phenomenon - Essay Example tion as to whether or not famine is man-made or a natural disaster, the following aims to explore the different causes of famine in a holistic perspective. It is reported that in Asia Africa and Latin America, the regions of the world which are underdeveloped, more than 500 million people live in absolute poverty. Accordingly more than 9 million people die each and every year due to hunger and malnutrition and starvation. Accordingly famine persists despite the fact that we have obtained a certain level of and development in the Western developed world and the result of income disparity is the increased incidence of famine throughout the world. What are the causes of famine? For many parts of the world famine is caused by a series of social, political, and environmental factors which have led to widespread poverty and hunger. In some places such as in Ethiopia, Somalia, and other countries of the Horn of Africa harsh envrionmental conditions and political instability have paved the way for famines and droughts. Droughts occur due to environmental factors and can be caused by a lack of rain one year, soil degradation, or the forces of g lobal warming. Environmental catastrophes have been prevalent throughout world history and famine can be traced back to biblical stories as well as to the early annals of modern civilization. In this respect then, famine can be seen as inevitable and as a feature of our existence on earth. Despite the fact that famine has existed since the dawn of time, there are also human made factors which can account for the rise of famines and poverty throughout the world. We now turn to the causes of human made famines and turned to exploration of our case study, Somalia. The African continent, although seen by many as the cradle of humanity and endowed with many natural resources, is home to some of the poorest countries on the planet. Many of these countries are beset by famine, arguably the greatest indicator of poverty known to

POLS 102 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POLS 102 - Essay Example The federal states have the authority to enforce regulations such as laws regarding minimum wages, discrimination in employment, religious freedom act, disability act, and violence against women (Otis & Scheb, 2011). However, since 1995, the Supreme Court has limited the reach of numerous federal laws and regulations passed by the congress thus curtailing their power to make unilateral decisions about the federal states. This controversy has brought struggle between state and federal interests. It has generated new legal challenges to federal regulatory statutes. Rights and liberties protection for human kind has been the primary role for the institutions such the courts. The Supreme Court has come in handy to provide guidelines on how provision of rights and liberties has been spelt out in the constitution regardless of laws governing different federal states. The constitution limits the government interference in civil liberties including federal courts. There have been a series of constitutional conflicts arising through policies created by the existing administration such as rights for detainees, rights of abortion, and disability rights, which have been forwarded with a political alignment contradicting the normal standards outlined by the bill of rights (Otis & Scheb, 2011). Despite of political pressure, several federal states have come out strongly to limit certain civil rights passed by Supreme Court such as gay marriages, rights for detainees, the controversial abortion rights; they have regarded them as socially unacceptable and u nnatural (Otis & Scheb, 2011). In conclusion, the Supreme Court has come out as the guardian to the constitution raising conflicts as it tries to limit the effectiveness o policies created by federal states, the congress, federal courts. This controversy raises serious questions on the jurisdiction of supreme courts’ powers over federal

Operations management (see assignment requirements) Essay

Operations management (see assignment requirements) - Essay Example 2. The Range of Technologies in the Modern Retail Industry An efficient supply chain involves better inventory management and reducing the time from the procurement to the final delivery. For these purposes both supply chain strategies and supply chain technologies are integrated into supply chain management to result in an efficient network of logistics. These technologies include transportation, management and communication technologies which work hand in hand to lead to an evolution of the supply chain. Information technology and decision support system are some of the common technologies being used in today's supply chain management. IT is implemented in the supply chain for strategic planning, virtual enterprise and knowledge management. Another reason why IT is frequently used is the E-Commerce factor of businesses these days(Ngai, 2004).These technologies ensure that a sophisticated analysis of the abundant available data is made possible and the results are used to obtain a c ompetitive edge in the market(Simchi-Levi, 2003). Business redesigning and the implementation of technology in business are often considered to be complimentary with each other. Therefore the integration of technology is bound to change the face of retailing operations. IT is a design tool used for knowledge and business management to produce tangible results such as time reduction, cost reduction and an improvement in the output quality. (Michael Lewis, p. 103) These innovations in Information Technology include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Electronic data Interchange (EDI), Pints of sales (POS) and other Data Mining (DM) technologies. These have radically changed the way retailers do their business and brought about efficiency by reducing labour costs, improving inventory accuracy, reducing lead time and increasing the rate of order fill. Points of sales (POS) POS has been in use since the 1980's and it facilitates the sale of products by entry and access of products in stores. POS allows for automatic and dynamic updates of inventory and sales data when sales occur. Thus this system is frequently used for store transactions, refunds, cash authorizations, exchanging issues and inventory tracking. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID is a generic name for technologies which use radio waves to identify and track objects. It identifies the items by reading a tag and a considerable amount of information is transmitted by just reading of the tag by the reader. This technology can capture product information which can be up to 40 times more than the typical barcode technology. RFID works as an information facilitator which can directly help in developing and aiding decision making in the supply chain. The main features of RFID are real and automatic data capture, enhanced information quality and support for business transactions. Data Mining (DM) Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from a large database to build predictive models for b usiness decision making. It is used to make strategic and tactical decisions such as sales forecasting, customer acquisition and retention. From the supply chain point of view, they can also be used to make operational decisions like supplier

Baroque of Versailles and Italian baroque Essay

Baroque of Versailles and Italian baroque - Essay Example For the Italians, this involved a number of very unique style buildings. One of the first to use this style was Carlo Manderno, whose famous designs include the Santa Susanna (1) and the Santa Maria della Vittoria. One of the finest examples of his work is in the design of the Santa Susanna. The building is just two stories tall. The lower part has a total of five tiers and the upper level has only three. The construction of all the elements are so designed so that everything points to the middle of the structure, pointing to a loggia - a simple gallery open to the air. Funny enough, he used the old Renaissance style inside the building. You can tell the difference when you cross the street into the Santa Maria della Vittoria (2), where construction was also completed by Carlo Manderno. The interior of the building reveals the expanse of the building, with three chapels separated only by arches and pillars. The style is clearly simple, very strait forward, and also a very enormous wa y of getting a point across. For example, inside is a statue depicting something from the Saint Teresa of Avila (3). The scene portrayed is of a dream she had about an angel peircing her heart with a long shaft, and filling herself with both joy and pain. She is said to be in a contorted posture and the flowing robes, very voluptous looks between -- it was the essense of the Barouque style for the Italians. The statue is larger than life, and purposefully done so. It isn't a complicated piece, just very big, very to the point. Hence the Roman Catholic Church's vision is realizes in such art and architecture -- art that should be very easy for the public to understand the meaning, and so big that it will be unforgettable and symbolizing religious themes. ( Wittkower, R. 1999) French Baroque, often called Classicism, was similar in style to the Italians as to the simplicity and more importantly, the idea that size does matter, and that grandness was to mean you had great power. (Wikipedia Website. 2007) Not all the styles transferred from Italy to France, as the openness and very frank displays of the art was not always in French taste. While the French had no problem getting on with the grandness of their architecture, they had a problem with the bluntness, and preferred slightly subdued style. There were also differences in the architectural structure, given that the French preferred mansard roofs and complex rooflines. During the reign of Louis XIV, new construction was happening to the Louvre. He invited a designer to look into completing the project, but rejected his two design ideas. Because of his focus on Versailles at the time, the Louvre construction was

Play and Game Essay Example for Free

Play and Game Essay The title of this article kind of makes it seem like I’m about to encourage you to cheat, but that’s not what I’m here to do. I’m here to tell you what you can do when it comes to poker that allows you to get ahead of the game. While some of these tips might not be necessarily applicable to online poker, for poker where you are sitting around a table, these tips can tip the scales into your favor. Know the People If you find yourself at a table somewhere where you don’t know the other players, take a little time to know the tendencies of each player. One might only bet big if he has a good hand, one might be very hesitant no matter what card he has and the other might flick his hair when he is lying. Every single person at that table has a ‘tell’ for when they have something good or for when they are bluffing, especially in Poker, when you are all trying to beat each other. Take some time, get to know the people at the table and even get them talking. It could create a way in which you can win more money, just from being able to read the other players. Be conscious of your own tells If you have the chance, play a friendly game of Poker and have a friend watch you as you play. Have them after the game tell them what you are doing in the way of body movement depending on the hand you are on. It’s extremely important to know what you do, and be able to stop it. Especially if you know you touch your face when you might be able to use this to your advantage in ways I don’t even want to explain. While these two tips don’t work online, they can change the balance in your favor during an offline game of poker. Just Give Up If it is not your night, if you have been fighting with your significant other, just don’t play. Whether offline or online you might feel the urge to do so, but try to resist. While it might act as your stress reliever; your mind will not focus on the game and in a game where your money is on the line, this is a serious issue. From here you have to make sure to change any habit that you think is costing you money, whether that is staying up until 3 in the morning to play and feeling fatigued while playing or not drinking enough water. If you feel you aren’t in peak Physical condition, don’t bother playing. It’ll end up being a waste of time and money. Know the Rules; Know the Hands. In Poker, the best hand is a four of a kind and an ace combination. That is the best possible hand (figuratively) but the probability of getting it is very low. Know this when you go into a game and you will see your play improve dramatically. Know what you can have and what your opponents can have. Use probability and their reactions to make sure that if you are going into a hand that you can win, but going into a hand that is a calculated risk and has a chance of winning is better than hoping for the best. Just watch your play and keep everything in mind. Poker is as much a game of outwitting your opponent as staying mentally sharp yourself. You have to know what to do and when to do it. You have to make sure you are watching your own play as well as others. You have to know when to ‘hold’em’ and when to ‘fold’em’ Author Bio: Jeremy Henderson is an expert in all forms of poker and this is possibly because he is so passionate about the game. His expertise has helped him win at a number of tournaments and in turn he has made a comfortable living playing the game. He is also a voracious reader and an avid writer.